Despite the slogans of the oneness of humanity and freedom of speech—which are among the twelve principles of the Baháʼí Faith—Shoghi Effendi issued orders to expel and excommunicate dissenters.
“Associating and speaking with those excommunicated is absolutely forbidden under any circumstance.”
Among those expelled by Shoghi’s decree are:
Sadegh Ashchi for traveling to Palestine, Ruhi Ghani for visiting America, Ahmad Sohrab, a Baháʼí writer, and Fadhlollah Sobhi, the scribe of ʻAbdu’l-Bahá (the second leader of the Baháʼís), among hundreds others.
